History of gOoGle

Google,the leading search engine worldwide,was founded in 1998 by Stanford University graduate students Larry Page and Sergei Brin.



Sergei Brin and Larry Page


While at Stanford in 1996,Page and Brin began developing a search engine they eventually entititled BackRub. This search engine was designed to look at the connecting links between web pages in order to determine a site's authority. In 1998,Page and Brin set up their first data center in Page's dorm.

With the encouragement of fellow Stanford alum David Filo, who started Yahoo a few years earlier, Page and Brin decided to start a company and started looking for investors to back them. Andy Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, invested $100,000 in the company after receiving a demo of their search technology. Eventually the pair raised over $1M.

Google, Inc. was established on September 7, 1998 in a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California. Page and Brin hired their first employee, Craig Silverstein, who was later to become Google's Director of Technology.

In their humble beginnings, Google served over 10,000 queries a day and quickly gained a reputation as a trustworthy source of information. By 1999, it was serving 500,000 queries a day and the company moved from the unassuming four walls of a garage to the now mega Googleplex headquarters in Mountain View, California.

Google achieved praise and publicity as news spread rapidly through online and offline media as well as their receipt of numerous awards and recommendations. Their audience continued to grow along with their reputation for effectiveness, relevance, speed and reliability.

In 2000, Google replaced Yahoo's own internal search engine as the provider of supplementary search results on Yahoo. Now, with more than 50% share of the total search market, Google provides search results for numerous search engines on the web.

Google has become all-important to both search engines and search engine optimization specialists alike. The other search engines have a tendency to mimic any algorithmic changes made by Google. 

Likewise, search engine optimization specialists continually study the changes as well in order to provide their clients with the best search engine rankings.

Source: internet

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Facts about hacking

Amazing facts about hacking you ever know/..

1  Hacker originally meant “one who makes furniture with an ax.” Perhaps because of the blunt nature of that approach, the word came to mean someone who takes pleasure in an unconventional solution to a technical obstacle.

2  Computer hacking was born in the late 1950s, when members of MIT’s Tech Model Railroad Club, obsessed with electric switching, began preparing punch cards to control an IBM 704 mainframe.

3  One of the club’s early programs: code that illuminated lights on the mainframe’s console, making it look like a ball was zipping from left to right, then right to left with the flip of a switch. Voilà: computer Ping-Pong!

4  By the early 1970s, hacker “Cap’n Crunch” (a.k.a. John Draper) had used a toy whistle to match the 2,600-hertz tone used by AT&T’s long-distance switching system. This gave him access to call routing (and brief access to jail).

5  Before they struck it rich, Apple founders Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs made and sold “blue boxes,” electronic versions of Draper’s whistle.

6  Using a blue box, Wozniak crank-called the Pope’s residence in Vatican City and pretended to be Henry Kissinger.

7  Hacking went Hollywood in the 1983 movie WarGames, about a whiz kid who breaks into a Defense Department computer and, at one point, hi­jacks a pay phone by hot-wiring it with a soda can pull-ring.

8  That same year, six Milwaukee teens hacked into Los Alamos National Lab, which develops nuclear weapons.

9  In 1988 Robert T. Morris created a worm, or self-replicating program, purportedly to evaluate Internet security.

10  The worm reproduced too well, however. The multi­million-dollar havoc that ensued led to Morris’s felony conviction, one of the first under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (PDF).

11  They all come home eventually. Morris now researches computer scienceat...MIT.

12  British hacker Gary McKinnon broke into 97 U.S. Navy, Army, Pentagon, and NASA computers in 2001 and 2002.

13  McKinnon’s defense: He wasn’t hunting military secrets; he was only seeking suppressed government files about space aliens.

14  According to rumor, agents of China’s People’s Liberation Army attempted to hack the U.S. power grid, triggering the great North American blackout of 2003.

15  It took IBM researcher Scott Lunsford just one day to penetrate the network of a nuclear power station: “I thought, ‘Gosh, this is a big problem.’”

16  Unclear on the concept: When West Point holds its annual cyberwar games, the troops wear full fatigues while fighting an enemy online.

17  Think your Mac is hackproof? At this year’s CanSecWest conference, security researcher Charlie Miller used a flaw in Safari to break into a MacBook in under 10 seconds.

18  Cyborgs beware: Tadayoshi Kohno at the University of Washington recently hacked into a wireless defibrillator, causing it to deliver fatal-strength jolts of electricity.

19  This does not bode well for patients receiving wireless deep-brain stimulators.

20  The greatest kludge of all? Roger Angel of the University of Arizona has proposed building a giant sunscreen in space to hack the planet’s climate.

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10 facebook facts

 The average user has 130 friends

Are you worried about your popularity? The average number of friends on Facebook is 130, and women tend to have somewhat more than men. Yet despite having hundreds of friends, most people only interact regularly with 4 to 7 people. 

So, what's YOUR number? (Link)

 Over 25% of users have already been dumped via Facebook

A June 2010 survey of 1,000 Facebook users -- 70% of whom were male -- found that 25% had been "dumped" via Facebook (via their significant other updating his or her relationship status).

Twenty-one percent of those surveyed said they would end a relationship by changing their Facebook relationship statuses to "single." While worrisome, the survey does show the majority of people do not split up via Facebook.

PD: This photo is from a genuine FB status. (Link)

 Facebook doesn't allow breastfeeding photos

Facebook, the popular social networking website, provoked a squall of maternal wrath when it yanked photos of breastfeeding babies that women had posted on their personal profiles because it deemed them a little too revealing. This, by the way, from a website that allows photos of women in thongs and bikinis and of couples making out; it has even accepted paid advertising for a dating website that featured a topless model. (The topless ad was taken down after angry women noted the hypocrisy.)

In response to the terse notices alerting mothers that they were violating Facebook's decency policy, "lactivists" responded with a virtual nurse-in; 11,000 women posted photos of themselves breastfeeding and/or updated their profiles to read: "Hey, Facebook. Breastfeeding Is Not Obscene!"

The pro-breastfeeding group has attracted over 250,000 members. (Link 1 | Link 2)

 Facebook causes 1 in 5 Divorces

It used to be the tell-tale lipstick on the collar. Then there were the give-away texts that spelled the death knell for many marriages. But now one in five divorces involve the social networking site Facebook, according to a new survey by the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers.

A staggering 80 per cent of divorce lawyers have also reported a spike in the number of cases that use social media for evidence of cheating. (Link)

 Al Pacino was the first ‘face' on Facebook

Remember that sad-looking blue guy on Facebook's homepage who used to stare you down every time you went to log in? They did away with him in 2007, so if you were late to the social networking party, then you probably have absolutely no idea what we're talking about. Anyway according to David Kirkpatrick's The Facebook Effect , it turns out that that guy in the logo, created by Zuckerberg's friend and classmate Andrew McCollum, was none other than a young Al Pacino “covered with a fog of ones and zeros — the elementary components of digital media.” Crazy, right? (Link)

 36% of users check Facebook, Twitter or texts after sex

Lighting a cigarette after sex? That's soooo last season.

An October 2009 study by Retrevo suggested that social networks are becoming an increasingly important part of young people's lives. Among under-35s, 36% admitted to "tweeting, texting and checking Facebook after sex." Forty percent of respondents admitted to doing so while driving, 64% said they do so at work, and 65% use these communication channels while on vacation. (Link)

 Over 350million people suffer from Facebook Addiction Disorder

Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) is a term introduced by US phychologists for those who are addicted to Facebook and their life is really affected by their uncontrolled activities on Facebook. The most common effects are the loss of productivity, the inability to concentrate, the superficiality of friendships as well as isolation in the extreme cases.

It has been said that approximately 350 million people are suffering from the disorder. (Link)

 Facebook users have lower grades than non-users

According to a new study by doctoral candidate Aryn Karpinski of Ohio State University and her co-author Adam Duberstein of Ohio Dominican University, college students who use the 800 million–member social network have significantly lower grade-point averages (GPAs) than those who do not.

The study, made in 2009, surveyed 219 undergraduate and graduate students and found that GPAs of Facebook users typically ranged a full grade point lower than those of nonusers — 3.0 to 3.5 for users versus 3.5 to 4.0 for their non-networking peers. It also found that 79% of Facebook members did not believe there was any link between their GPA and their networking habits. (Link)

 Burger King gave away free burgers to users who unfriended people on Facebook

In January 2009, an advertising campaign from Burger King titled “WHOPPER Sacrifice” rewarded Facebook users a free “Angry Whopper” for publicly deleting 10 friends, who would then receive a blunt message informing they were deleted for a free hamburger. The campaign, conceived by Burger King agency Crispin Porter + Bogusky and executed by Refresh Partners, used the tag line “Friendship Is Strong, but The Whopper Is Stronger.” 

At press time the application had been downloaded more than 55,000 times and over 250,000 ‘friends' were sacrificed. (Link)

 A man was arrested for openly asking his 13-year-old daughter for sex over Facebook

On perhaps one of the worst crimes perpetrated in Facebook, a Pennsylvania father was arrested for allegedly asking his teen daughter for sex over Facebook. John Forehand, 39, referred to himself as "Bad Daddy" in the online correspondence with his 13 year-old daughter, in which he openly propositioned her and made explicit sexual suggestions. Forehand told his daughter he had been having "inappropriate" dreams about her, and wrote to her, "I'll take very good care of my little girl."

The girl told her mother about the inappropriate Facebook messages, and she then alerted the police. The police captured Forehand by tricking him into coming to what he believed would be a meeting with his daughter. How sick is that? (Link)

Read more at http://www.oddee.com/item_97980.aspx#vCG7MTqwCS5DpeBu.99 

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New Malware Uploaded to chrome web-store

A new malware that has been uploaded to the Google Chrome Web Store by hackers is the latest threat that pose problems to internet users especially those who are using Facebook.

The malicious Chrome extensions were uploaded to the official Google Chrome Web Store where Chrome users download as their browser add-ons. Once the fake Chrome extension is downloaded it has the ability to hijack Facebook accounts, apparently stealing Facebook information and using it to hijack Facebook accounts for whatever criminal intent the whack jobs have in mind.

Gizmodo even reported that the malicious Facebook-jacking extensions are even advertised on Facebook. The ads claim that it’s possible to change the color of your Facebook profile page, track profile pages and presumably add unicorns and vajazzling to it too. Of course, some unsuspecting tween might fall for it, get re-directed to the official Chrome Web Store page and assume all extensions are safe because they’re on the official Google page. Unfortunately, they’re not. The extension will hijack your Facebook account, spam your friends about this new extension and then Like pages without you knowing. It’s a dirty process done by people who sell Likes to companies, Gizmodo reported.

The malicious codes pretending to be legitimate Chrome extensions comes in different forms, one was even labeled as Adobe Flash Player. So it is highly important for anyone downloading extensions often for their browsers to double check the source of the extensions before downloading them before it’s too late. Remember, complaining to Facebook that your account was hacked takes weeks to be answered. I have once lost a Facebook page from hackers and I was not able to retrieve it until now.

The infected Chrome extensions were allegedly done by Brazilian hackers, according toUberGizmo. It was discovered by Kaspersky Lab that the malware-laden Chrome extensions are being uploaded to the official Chrome Store, and poses a great risk for Chrome users since, it is from Chrome store thus easily tricking them that it safe to download.

However, according to UberGizmo, the attack of Facebook accounts was largely reported in Brazil and Portuguese speaking nations, but there are no data yet if the malware infected extensions has also affected users from other countries.

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Facebook Facts

Top 10 fascinating facts about FACEBOOK

Amy-Mae Elliott:Jul 22, 2010

Facebook's astronomic rise, staggeringly large user-base, and world's youngest self-made billionaire CEO make it one of the most fascinating companies around today.

While everyone knows the basics about the service's Harvard dorm room origins, we've delved a little deeper to find out more interesting snippets of info.

Here are 10 facts you might not know about Facebook, so read on and let us know your favorites in the comments box below.

1. Al Pacino's Face Was on the Original Facebook Homepage

Prior to a major homepage redesign back in 2007, Facebook's front page used to feature a man's face partly obscured behind a cloud of binary code.

Dubbed the "Facebook guy," it was not known who the mystery man was — until recently. David Kirkpatrick has revealed in his book The Facebook Effect that the image is a manipulated photo of Al Pacino created by a friend and classmate of Mark Zuckerberg.

2. One Early Facebook Function Was a File Sharing Service

You won't find this in the official Facebook timeline, but one of Facebook's early add-ons was a peer-to-peer, or more technically friend-to-friend, file sharing service called Wirehog, developed alongside Facebook by Mark Zuckerberg and three others.

It launched in 2004 and is reported to have been planned as an integral FB feature. In 2005 Facebook was actively promoting the service and Zuckerberg told The Harvard Crimson "I think Wirehog will probably spread in the same way that thefacebook did."

However, likely due to piracy concerns, Wirehog was axed in 2006 before Facebook got really big, although its photo-sharing functionality lives on in spirit.

3. The First "Work Networks" Included Apple and Microsoft

Many of you may know about Facebook's initial staggered rollout, where they started with Ivy League colleges before encompassing other educational institutions. But do you know who Facebook first went corporate with in terms of official work places?

In May 2006, Apple and Microsoft were among the first, as was Intel, EA and Amazon. Others in the first round also included Accenture, Gap, Intuit, Pepsi, PricewaterhouseCoopers and the non-profit organization Teach for America. It wasn't until September 2006 that everyone, regardless of school or company affiliation, could join Facebook — and just over a year later the site hit 50 million active users.

4. Facebook's Hidden Easter Eggs

Facebook is no stranger to Easter eggs. Early on, mysterious movie-related references (apparently Zuckerberg is a big film buff) could be found littering the site.

The references could be found in the footer of the old "Friends Page" in 2007, and one of the first was a quail-themed quote from the film The Wedding Crashers. Later dubbed "quails," other quotes with the avian theme continued to appear in the footer text, including “Only the craftiest of quails survive hunting season,” and “What doesn’t kill a quail only makes it stronger."

In addition, Facebook once boasted a Konami Code (you know — up, up, down, down, left, right, left, right, B, A, enter) that changed the background of the site to display colorful circles and light flares.

Finally, there's the "Chris Putnam," a Facebook Chat Easter egg that still works today. To test it out, when in chat type in :putnam: and hit enter — ta da!

5. The Meaning of the Term Poke Has Never Been Defined

While Facebook explains how "poking" works on its help center, there's no explanation to be found for the origin of the phrase. The most common definition is a friendly "nudge," but the more flirtatious connotations cannot be ignored.

David Kirkpatrick reveals in The Facebook Effect that Zuckerberg once responded to a question about what a poke meant on the social networking site with: "We thought it would be fun to make a feature that has no specific purpose... So mess around with it, because you're not getting an explanation from us."

6. The Average Facebook User Has 130 Friends

How many Facebook friends do you have? To put your friend count in perspective, the average user has 130. Facebook's official stats page is full of little gems like this, and more staggering stats, such as the fact that people spend over 500 billion minutes per month on Facebook, while the current active official user count now stands at over 500 million.

As far as Facebook the platform goes, over a million websites have integrated with Facebook, and more than 150 million people engage with Facebook on external websites every month.

7. There's an App to See What's on the Facebook Cafe Menu

Like at Google, Facebook staffers get three free meals a day (as well as free drinks and snackage) served up by the "Facebook Culinary Team" at Cafe X or Cafe 6.

If the staff want to know what's on the menu, they don't need to leave their seats. In fact, they don't even need to leave their Facebook profiles — the "Lunchtime" Facebook app offers a weekly view of what's being offered. And it looks real good.

8. Mark Zuckerberg Calls Himself a "Harvard Graduate"

As you can see for yourself over at facebook.com/zuck (the personalized URL Zuckerberg nabbed for himself), Mark Zuckerberg tells a little fib on his profile page. He lists himself as a "Harvard Graduate," which simply isn't true, as he dropped out to concentrate on getting Facebook up and running.

When 60 Minutes reporter Lesley Stahl confronted Zuckerberg with this little inconsistency, he said "That's true. We don't have a setting for dropout."

Er, memo to Zuck — you kind of have the power to make that happen...

9. California is Huge on Facebook

As far as Facebook goes, California (home of Silicon Valley) is the most social state, with an amazing 15,267,160 users in the region, according to Facebakers. This amounts to a 41% penetration rate — pretty astounding that nearly half the state is connected via Facebook.

The next biggest user-base can be found in Texas with 9 million users, but it's nowhere close to California. New York comes in third with 8 million, and rounding off the very bottom of the list is ... Delaware. Of course, actual state population size is a factor here, but you get the point.

10. A Facebook Employee Hoodie Sold for $4,000 on eBay

If Facebook merchandise is collectible now, imagine what it will be worth in years to come. A Facebook employee standard-issue hoodie recently sold on eBay for a whopping $4,050 with nearly 50 bidders battling it out to win the auction.

The fact that Mark Zuckerberg had just been seen sporting the same garment at the D8 Conference and revealed its mysterious insignia to the world certainly helped up the bids, but considering the one that sold had not touched Zuckerberg skin, it's an astonishing amount.

Facebook is the most upcoming social networking site hats off to it and the person who founded it

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Top facts about LINUX

Linux is the one of best operating system. The Linux Kernel Version written in C programming language. Linux is the high security operating system. The Famous company known as Google, Facebook & twitter use Linux Operating system. According to the latest report 9 out of 10 of the world's supercomputers run Linux. Now a days Linux running on mobile devices, The Enterprise, Web infrastructure, Data centers, Super computing other devices.


 

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